Sensory Profile in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Keywords:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Neurodevelopment, Neurodiversity, Theoretical ParadigmsAbstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been approached from different theoretical and methodological perspectives over time. Among its fundamental characteristics, the sensory profile stands out as a distinctive trait of those with this condition. However, research focused exclusively on the sensory profile of individuals with ASD remains scarce and limited in the scientific literature. The main purposes of this study were to evaluate the sensory profile of individuals with ASD, determine the predominant sensory profile, identify the hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity characteristics present, and establish a possible correlation between this sensory profile and family structure. The study was conducted with children and adolescents diagnosed with autism, aged between 2 and 15 years, along with their parents or caregivers, residing in the cities of Riobamba and Ambato, who attend private psychological centers. The methodology applied was a correlational design. The results obtained showed that in this study population, a hyposensitive sensory profile predominates, representing 86.7% of cases, particularly in the proprioceptive and visual systems. This finding is consistent with the parents' perception, who reported a high average score of 4.33 in their assessments. These data suggest that the individuals with ASD analyzed present significant difficulties identifying their body position in space or recognizing their own bodily needs. Likewise, with regard to the sense of sight, a decrease in perceptual capacity for visual stimuli was observed, which limits their response to environmental situations captured by this sensory channel.
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